Reykjavík, Iceland — We’ve all had the question of “how the hell did this song get in my head?” run through our minds. After a long 36 hours in Iceland, as jet-lag and exhaustion started to take their toll, I started to wonder why Robert Plant was screaming between my ears. As I looked at the steam rise from the turquoise waters of the Blue Lagoon, the 50 F degree air gave me a chill under the abundant sun, I realized the signs were all around me:
“We come from the land of the ice and snow,
From the midnight sun where the hot springs blow…”
This is Iceland, land of ice and snow, where the sun shines at midnight and the hot springs, with their 100 degree Farenheit water, billow steam during the depths of the long, cold winter.

Steam rises from the earth at the Blue Lagoon hot spring. Water temperatures reach over 100 F. (Photo source: Ben Jaffe)
After a 1970 concert in Reykjavík, Iceland’s capital city, Led Zeppelin’s Robert Plant was inspired to write “Immigrant Song”. In addition to writing an excellent rock song, Led Zeppelin captured much of the history and geography of Iceland in just a few lines. They deserve a closer look.

Downtown Reykjavík. The city holds about half of the 306,000 citizens of Iceland. (Photo source: Ben Jaffe)
Iceland is a small island-nation of approximately 306,000. For a new country in a relatively geographically isolated area of the north Atlantic, Iceland has a rich history and has a significant role in the current events and the past of the North Atlantic region.
The island has only been inhabited for the past 1,200 years after it was discovered by Scandinavian and Celtic travelers headed west. It eventually served as a jumping off point for Viking exploration and conquest of Greenland and North America (as alluded to in the lyrics “The hammer of the gods will drive our ships to new lands,” and “we are your overlords”). Although historically contentious, there is evidence that Leif Erikson was the first European to discover North America 500 years before Christopher Columbus.

A statue of Leif Erikson in Reykjavík, dedicated by the US to Iceland on the 1,000th anniversary of the Althing, the Viking's parliament in Iceland, in 1930. The Althing is the oldest parliament in the world. (Photo source: Ben Jaffe)
When Iceland was discovered, the settlers found a wooded and rocky island that is a little smaller than the state of Kentucky. Volcanoes loomed in the distance and the dried lava fields made traversing the landscape sometimes impossible. To modern eyes, much of Iceland looks like the moon since the country has been deforested and volcanoes and rocks dominate the terrain. Barren, rocky, desolate and grey, Iceland offered a safe haven from the cold and rough Atlantic waters, and so began the history of a country that finally became independent in 1944.
Today, the descendants of these explorers mostly live in Reykjavík, home to about 50% of the population of Iceland. The people here still bear a remarkable resemblance to their forefathers. Their features and complexion are often Nordic or Irish. Few countries have such a simple ethnic history. Most here can trace their family history back thousands of years to an early settler.
This past year Iceland has been in the headlines for a few reasons. The Eyjafjallajökull volcano, which severely impeded air travel through much of Europe in April, became a household name (although people were just referring to it as “the Iceland volcano” for obvious reasons). More significantly is Iceland’s economy which fell along with the rest of the world’s and crashed in dramatic fashion as Iceland’s banking system imploded in 2008. The unemployment rate jumped to 9.4% from the previous rate of about 1%. Iceland’s faltering economy stoked fears on the European mainland, which was dealing with its own economic troubles. While the European economies were suffering from an economic domino effect, Iceland’s failing banks were a big problem for United Kingdom banking customers who had their money tied up in the banks here. The International Monetary Fund eventually brokered a $10.1 billion economic aid package for Iceland with the assistance of several other European nations. Citizens here still feel the wounds of those days, and mistrust of the government, which is often viewed as oligarchical, is high.
Foreign nations are also interested in Iceland’s natural energy resources. Negotiations often take place with non-Icelandic energy firms for Iceland’s large supply of geothermal and hydropower energy. This is an issue which stirs nationalistic sentiment within Iceland, as people here seek to protect their country from perceived foreign dominance.
Iceland’s geothermal energy became a popular point of protest this July as the world’s most famous Icelander, Björk, became the leader of a camp that was opposed to a Canadian firm gaining complete ownership over one of Iceland’s energy companies. In an interview with the Financial Times, Björk said:
“the country should harness geothermal power to forge a new “relationship between nature and technology” rather than becoming “third world slaves” by selling it off to foreign predators.”
Besides what some may call Björk’s radical tone, there is a clear sense of nationalism in her statements. Fear of subservience plays into Iceland’s history, as it is a country that has been independent for only 66 of the 1,200 years it has been inhabited.
Finally, Iceland depends of fishing as a source of income (representing 40% of export earnings). Fishing has been a source of conflict between Iceland and other fishing nations, mainly the UK, as well as environmental groups. The fishing battle between Iceland’s fishermen and the UK – a dispute which mainly revolves around territorial rights – illustrates part of the independent spirit of the country. Environmental groups also began to protest Iceland’s whaling. According to my tour guide, the Icelandic public was indifferent towards the fishing industry, which was becoming less economically important for the advancing and diversified country. But once foreign nations were attempting to dictate to Iceland where and when it could fish, Icelanders rallied around their fishermen and it became a national cause.

Like many smaller countries, Iceland was also a chess piece on the map during the Cold War. The United States and NATO set up bases and radar stations on the island to protect the US mainland. A Cold War relic, this radar tower pictured above, is one of the largest free-standing structures in the country. In 1986 Iceland was home to the Reykjavík Summit, which brought US president Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev together for wide-ranging talks. (Photo source: Ben Jaffe)
The general feeling that I got here, observing the people, commerce and culture, is that Iceland lauds things that are seen as unique to Iceland. Iceland is proud of its music scene, art, movies and weekend parties that last from Friday evening until Sunday morning (which unfortunately was not on my mid-week itinerary). They are very proud when a native becomes internationally recognized, even if it’s a weirdo like Björk. It’s easy for Iceland to get overshadowed by its neighbors, but Iceland is not a nation to be ignored. It’s the home of the earliest European explorers of America and the birthplace of the parliamentary system. As the US finishes its celebration of Columbus’ exploration of the New World, here’s recognition of those explorers with threshing oars that came to the western shore first.

The national dish in Iceland is cured Greenland shark. Judging by the reactions I saw from those who ate the shark, it’s an “acquired taste”. (Photo source: Ben Jaffe)






